The recent approval of a $225 million sale of AMRAAM missiles from the United States to Turkey has raised significant concerns in India. This apprehension stems from Turkey's military ties with Pakistan, particularly as similar missiles have been used by Pakistan against India in past conflicts. The deal is viewed as potentially destabilizing for the region, especially given Turkey's support for Pakistan during recent military operations.
This missile especially for F-16 fighter aircraft, which both Turkey and Pakistan operate extensively. US justification for sale of missile to strengthen NATO ally Turkey's defensive capabilities, support regional stability and reaffirm US-Turkey defense ties amid past friction (like the S-400 deal with Russia).
Why India is Alarmed: Strategic Concerns?
Pakistan and Turkey have entered strategic defense cooperation in areas like drones, naval warship and joint military training. Turkish military firms (like Baykar, STM) have supplied combat drones and upgraded hardware to Pakistan. There's growing fear that Turkey may serve as conduit for indirect weapons or technology transfer to Pakistan.
Past Use of AMRAAMs Against India
During the 2019 Balakot aerial skirmish, Pakistan fired AMRAAMs (supplied by the U.S.) from its F-16 against Indian Air force MiG-21 and SU-30.
India recovered AMRAAM fragments from the LoC area as proof of violation of end-user agreements by Pakistan. The AMRAAM use in South Asia makes their sale to Turkey alarming, especially given Pakistan-Turkey ties.
U.S. Geopolitical Calculations Behind the Sale
The Trump administration sought to reset ties withTurkey after tensions over Turkey's purchase of Russian S-400 air defense system, U.S. sanctions under CAATSA and Turkey's threats to NATO unity. Selling AMRAAM serves as adiplomatic olive branch and strategic containment to keep Turkey in the NATO fold rather than drifting toward Russia and China.
Indian Diplomatic and Strategic Response
India is expected to lobby Washington to place strict end-use and transfer restrictions on AMRAAMs and it will highlight the 2019 AMRAAM misuse by Pakistan as precedent to urge caution.
India may strengthen ties with Greece, Cyprus, Armenia and Egypt all of whom are Turkey's regional adversaries as counter leverage. It may also deepen military ties with France, Russia and Israel for advanced missile tech and radar-jamming capabilities.
Acceleration of programs like Astra Mk-II/III(indigenous BVR missile), Tejas Mk2 with Uttam AESA radar, procurement of additional Meteor-equipped Rafales and S-400 deployment and testing of hypersonic Shaurya-class missile.
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